A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to." Prepositions in English are highly idiomatic.
In short, prepositional phrases are a group of words that modify or add information within a sentence. To identify them, all you have to do is look for the preposition, the object, and any word that modifies it. If you can find those, then voilà, you can find the prepositional phrases.
At a minimum, a prepositional phrase consists of one preposition and the object it governs. The object can be a noun, a gerund (a verb form ending in -ing that acts as a noun), or a clause. He arrived in time. Is she really going out with that guy? To these two basic elements, modifiers can be freely added.
A prepositional phrase begins with the preposition and ends with its object. The object of a prepositional phrase can be a noun, pronoun, or gerund. She is going down the stairs. The preposition in this sentence is down, and the stairs is the object.
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